HF Remote Sensing - The CORI System
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The transmitted vertical polarized electromagnetic wave travels along the sea surface beyond the horizon and is backscattered by ocean waves of half the electromagnetic wavelength (Bragg Scattering) and the system infers the speed of the surface currents carrying the waves by measuring the Doppler spectrum caused by moving ocean waves. The surface currents measurements obtained from the WERA system represent the integral of the actual currents in the top meter (or less) of the water column. |
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The CORI system has been deployed since June 2009 on the east coast of Limnos Island, measuring surface currents in front of Dardanelles Straits every 30 minutes. It comprises by two sub-systems (units) deployed ~23 km apart in order to get the full 2D near surface currents field (figure 1). Each sub-system has four transmit and four receive antenna elements (a 4-element square array of receiving antennas can be used if only surface currents are to be measured) and makes independent measurements of current speeds along radials emanating from its phased-array antenna system. The system working frequency is at 13.544 MHz for which the Bragg frequency is at 0.375 Hz in deep water, corresponding to a 11.08m wavelength. The Bragg scattering effect in the absence of surface currents results in two well defined spectral peaks (Bragg peaks) at ±0.375 Hz which in the case of surface current with radial component V are displaced from Bragg frequency by an amount Äf=(2/22.16)*V. The system emits a chirped continuous wave with a repetition frequency of 3.85 Hz and a 50 kHz bandwidth which gives a radial resolution of 3 km. |
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Click here to access the recorded surface flow field in the NE Aegean Sea (regular update every 30 minutes). |
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